Home - USAID CLEER Tool

Default Data Reference

Default Data Element	Data Source
Grid Electricity Emission Factor	"IEA (International Energy Agency). (2013). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion – Highlights 2013. GHG Emission Factors. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea.org/co2highlights. Based on data from World CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion © OECD/IEA 2014, IEA Publishing; modified by ICF International. Licence: http://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions. IGES (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies) (2018). List of Grid Emission Factors – Version 2018/10.2. Accessed 15 June 2018: https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/iges-list-grid-emission-factors"
Fuel-Specific Emission Factor	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, and K. Tanabe (eds.). Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Default Emission Factors retrieved from Volume 2. Energy, Chapter 2 Stationary Combustion. Accessed December, 2015: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf."
Renewable Energy Emission Factor	Expert judgment
GWP Methane	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2007a). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed January, 2015."
GWP Nitrogen Dioxide	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2007a). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed January, 2015."
Grid Technical Line Loss Factor	"IEA (International Energy Agency). (2015). OECD/IEA 2015. Electricity Information 2015 edition. http://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/
Grid Technical Line Loss Factor	Expert Judgment."
Capacity Factor - Solar Heating	"IEA (International Energy Agency). (2011). Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. Converting Installed Solar Collector Area & Power Capacity into Estimated Annual Solar Collector Energy Output. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/documents/statistics/Calculation_Method.pdf & http://www.estif.org/no_cache/news/single-news-item/archive/2011/march/article/common-calculation-method-of-the-solar-thermal-energy-produced-worldwide-now-available/?tx_ttnews."
Capacity Factor - Solar Photovoltaic	"Calculated with: NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration). (2012). Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 6.0 Data Set (Jan 2008) 22-year Monthly & Annual Average (July 1983 - June 2005) Parameter: Insolation on a Tilted Surface. Accessed 20 October, 2012. SSE Database found at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sse/sse_table"
Capacity Factor - Wind Turbine	"IEA (International Energy Agency). (2011). World Statistics. Wind Power Generation Capacity and Total Energy Generated. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea.org/statistics/."
Capacity Factor - Hydroelectric	"Intpow. (2013). World Hydropower Potential. Hydroelectric Capacity Factors. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.intpow.com/index.php?id=487&download=1."
Capacity Factor - Geothermal: Power Generation	"Bertani, Ruggero. (2012). Geothermal power generation in the world 2005–2010 update report. GeoThermPowerics (41), 1-29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375650511000526
Capacity Factor - Geothermal: Direct Heat	"Lund, J. W, Freeston, D. H., Boyd, T.L. (2010). Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2010 Worldwide Review. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375650511000344."
Average System Lifetime - Solar Photovoltaic	Expert judgment
Average System Lifetime - Solar Photovoltaic	"DOE (Department of Energy). (2013). Weather Data for EnergyPlus Energy Simulation Software. Accessed October, 2013."
Average System Lifetime - Solar Heating	Expert judgment
Average System Lifetime - Wind Turbine	Expert judgment
Average System Lifetime - Hydroelectric	"FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission). (2011). Hydropower Licensing. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ferc.gov/for-citizens/citizen-guides/hydro-guide.asp ."
Average System Lifetime - Geothermal Power & Direct Heat	"IEA (International Energy Agency). (2013). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion – Highlights 2013. GHG Emission Factors. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/ ."
Average System Lifetime - Geothermal Heat Pump	"DOE (Department of Energy). (2012). Geothermal Heat Pumps Lifetime. Accessed October, 2013: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/Geothermal-heat-pumps"
Average System Lifetime - Biomass Energy	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013a). ACM0006 “Consolidated methodology for electricity and heat generation from biomass”. CDM Executive Board.
Average System Lifetime - Anaerobic Digesters	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013b). ACM0020 “Co-firing of biomass residues for heat generation and/or electricity generation in grid connected power plants”. CDM Executive Board.
Average System Lifetime - Appliance Efficiency Improvements	Expert judgment
Average System Lifetime - Buidling Energy Efficiency	"IEESAG (Illinois Energy Efficiency Stakeholder Advisory Group). (2012). Energy Efficiency Technical Reference Manual Final Technical Version, August 20th, 2012. Accessed October, 2013: http://ilsag.org/meeting_materials."
Degradation Rate - Solar Photovoltaic	"NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). (2012). Photovoltaic Degradation Rates. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51664.pdf."
Degradation Rate - Solar Heating	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Wind Turbine	"CEC (California Energy Commission). (2010). Comparative Costs of California Central Station Electricity Generation. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-200-2009-017/CEC-200-2009-017-SF.PDF"
Degradation Rate - Hydroelectric	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Geothermal Direct Heat	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Geothermal Power Generation	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Geothermal Heat Pumps	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Biomass Energy	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013a). ACM0006 “Consolidated methodology for electricity and heat generation from biomass”. CDM Executive Board.
Degradation Rate - Anaerobic Digesters	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Appliance Efficiency Improvements	Expert judgment
Degradation Rate - Buidling Energy Efficiency	Expert judgment
Diesel Generator Efficiency Factor	Expert judgment
Coefficient of Performance - Geothermal: Heat Pumps	IEA (International Energy Agency). (2011). Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. Converting Installed Solar Collector Area & Power Capacity into Estimated Annual Solar Collector Energy Output. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/documents/statistics/Calculation_Method.pdf & http://www.estif.org/no_cache/news/single-news-item/archive/2011/march/article/common-calculation-method-of-the-solar-thermal-energy-produced-worldwide-now-available/?tx_ttnews.
Coefficient of Conversion - Solar Heating	IEA (International Energy Agency). (2011). Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. Converting Installed Solar Collector Area & Power Capacity into Estimated Annual Solar Collector Energy Output. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/documents/statistics/Calculation_Method.pdf & http://www.estif.org/no_cache/news/single-news-item/archive/2011/march/article/common-calculation-method-of-the-solar-thermal-energy-produced-worldwide-now-available/?tx_ttnews.
Cooling Degree Days (CDD)	"DOE (Department of Energy). (2013). Weather Data for EnergyPlus Energy Simulation Software. Accessed October, 2013: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata_about.cfm."
Heating Degree Days (HDD)	"DOE (Department of Energy). (2013). Weather Data for EnergyPlus Energy Simulation Software. Accessed October, 2013: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata_about.cfm."
Full Load Hours - Geothermal: Heat Pumps	"IEESAG (Illinois Energy Efficiency Stakeholder Advisory Group). (2012). Energy Efficiency Technical Reference Manual Final Technical Version, August 20th, 2012. Accessed October, 2013: http://ilsag.org/meeting_materials."
Solar Irradiation Rates	"Calculated with: NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration). (2012). Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 6.0 Data Set (Jan 2008) 22-year Monthly & Annual Average (July 1983 - June 2005) Parameter: Insolation on a Tilted Surface. Accessed 20 October, 2012. SSE Database found at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sse/sse_table"
Enthalpy - Geothermal: Direct Heat	"NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). (2011). Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems. Accessed October, 2013: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/."
Length of Piping per Ton Heating or Cooling - Geothermal	IEC (Iowa Energy Center). (2009). Introduction to Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. http://www.iowaenergycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/IHPA2009Geo101A_Intro.pdf
Flow Rate per Ton Heating or Cooling - Geothermal	IEC (Iowa Energy Center). (2009). Introduction to Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. http://www.iowaenergycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/IHPA2009Geo101A_Intro.pdf
Appliance Cooling Constants	"EPA ( Environmental Protection Agency) Energy Star. (2007). Energy Star Program Requirements for Residential Refrigerators and/or Freezers. Partner Commitments. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/refrig_prog_req.pdf."
Appliance Volume Constants	"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Energy Star. (2007). Energy Star Program Requirements for Residential Refrigerators and/or Freezers. Partner Commitments. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/refrig_prog_req.pdf."
Solar Photovoltaic Tracker Premium	Expert judgment
Building Energy Cooling/Heating Constants	Confidential Industry Data & Expert Judgment
Appliance Energy Consumption Constants	Confidential Industry Data.
Biomass Energy Leakage Factor	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013a). ACM0006 “Consolidated methodology for electricity and heat generation from biomass”. CDM Executive Board.
	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013b). ACM0020 “Co-firing of biomass residues for heat generation and/or electricity generation in grid connected power plants”. CDM Executive Board.
	CDM (Clean Development Mechanism). (2013c). AM0036 “Fuel switch from fossil fuels to biomass residues in heat generation equipment” CDM Executive Board.
Biomass Energy Cultivation Emission Factors	"EU (European Union). (2010a). “Commission Staff Working Document: Impact Assessment - Sustainability requirements for the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity, heating and cooling”. COM (2010) 11 Final. SEC (2010) 65 Final."
Biomass Energy Processing Emission Factors	"EU (European Union). (2010a). “Commission Staff Working Document: Impact Assessment - Sustainability requirements for the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity, heating and cooling”. COM (2010) 11 Final. SEC (2010) 65 Final."
Biomass Energy Combustion Emission Factors	"BEC (Biomass Energy Centre). (2013). “Carbon emissions of different fuels”. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=75,163182&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL"
	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006a). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, and K. Tanabe (eds.). Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Default Emission Factors retrieved from Volume 2. Energy, Chapter 2 Stationary Combustion. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf."
	"EPA (Environment Protection Agency). (1993). “Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 1.8 Bagasse Combustion in Sugar Mills”. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC."
	"Ghani, W. A. W, A. K., and Alias, A. B. (2013). Sustainable Power Generation through Co-Combustion of Agricultural Residues with Coal in Existing Coal Power Plant. Chapter 16 of New Developments in Renewable Energy. Found online at http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-developments-in-renewable-energy/sustainable-power-generation-through-co-combustion-of-agricultural-residues-with-coal-in-existing-co"
	"Jagustyn, B., Patyna, I., and Skawinska, A. (2013). Evaluation of physicochemical properties of Palm Kernel Shell as agro biomass used in the energy industry. CHEMIK 2013, 67, 6, 552-559. Found online at http://www.chemikinternational.com/year-2013/year-2013-issue-6/evaluation-of-physicochemical-properties-of-palm-kernel-shell-as-agro-biomass-used-in-the-energy-industry/"
Nitrogen Dioxide Emission Factor	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006b). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Japan: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10. Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf."
Fuel Energy Content of Methane - Anaerobic Digesters	"Bracmort, Kelsi. (2010). Anaerobic Digestion: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Energy Generation. Accessed September 2015: http://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R40667.pdf"
Fuel Energy Content of Methane - Anaerobic Digesters	"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2004). A Manual for Developing Biogas Systems at commercial Farms in the United States. Accessed August 5, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/agstar-handbook.pdf"
Methane Fraction for Biogas	"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2004). A Manual for Developing Biogas Systems at commercial Farms in the United States. Accessed August 5, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/agstar-handbook.pdf"
Methane Fraction for Biogas	"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2011). Market Opportunities for Biogas Recovery Systems at U.S. Livestock Facilities. Accessed December, 2015: http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-12/documents/biogas_recovery_systems_screenres.pdf"
Methane Density	"Wischnewski, Berndt. (2013). Calculation of thermodynamic state variables of methane. Accessed August 8, 2013: http://www.peacesoftware.de/einigewerte/methan_e.html."
Volatile Solid Production Rate	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006b). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Japan: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10. Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf."
Methane Production Capacity	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006b). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Japan: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10. Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf."
Methane Conversion Factor	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006b). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Japan: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10. Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf."
Anaerobic Digester Fugitive Emission Rate	"UNFCCC (United Nations Framework for Climate Change Convention). (2005). Draft revision to approved baseline methodology AM0013: Forced methane extraction from organic waste-water treatment plants for grid-connected electricity supply and/or heat production/ Version 02. Accessed October, 2013: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Panels/meth/meeting/05/Meth15_AM0013_revision.pdf."
Heat Rate (ICE) - Anaerobic Digester	"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2015). Catalog of CHP Technologies. Section 5. Technology Characterization – Microturbines. Accessed December 17, 2015: http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/catalog_of_chp_technologies_section_5._characterization_-_microturbines.pdf"
Nitrogen Excretion Rates	"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2006b). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Japan: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 10. Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. Accessed October, 2013: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf."

Grid Electricity Emission Factor Sources

Emission factors are derived from the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 2018 if available, or the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2013 if not. IGES contains marginal grid emission factors which take into account both existing electricity sources on the operating margin as well as future planned sources on the build margin. IEA contains average grid emission factors which take into account only existing electricity sources. For context, the following emission factors show the values for some of the most common energy sources for grid electricity: coal, 1026 gCO₂e/kWh; natural gas, 465 gCO₂e/kWh; oil, 811 gCO₂e/kWh; and renewables, 0 gCO₂e/kWh.

Country Name	CLEER Tool Data Source for Grid Electricity Emission Factor
Afghanistan	IGES 2018
Albania	IGES 2018
Algeria	IGES 2018
Andorra	IEA 2013
Angola	IGES 2018
Antigua and Barbuda	IGES 2018
Argentina	IGES 2018
Armenia	IGES 2018
Australia	IEA 2013
Austria	IEA 2013
Azerbaijan	IGES 2018
Bahamas, The	IGES 2018
Bahrain	IGES 2018
Bangladesh	IGES 2018
Barbados	IGES 2018
Belarus	IEA 2013
Belgium	IEA 2013
Belize	IGES 2018
Benin	IGES 2018
Bhutan	IGES 2018
Bolivia	IGES 2018
Bosnia and Herzegovina	IGES 2018
Botswana	IGES 2018
Brazil	IGES 2018
Brunei Darussalam	IGES 2018
Bulgaria	IEA 2013
Burkina Faso	IGES 2018
Burma	IGES 2018
Burundi	IGES 2018
Cambodia	IGES 2018
Cameroon	IGES 2018
Canada	IEA 2013
Cape Verde	IGES 2018
Central African Republic	IGES 2018
Chad	IGES 2018
Chile	IGES 2018
China	IGES 2018
Colombia	IGES 2018
Comoros	IGES 2018
Congo	IGES 2018
Congo, Democratic Republic	IGES 2018
Costa Rica	IGES 2018
Côte d'Ivoire	IGES 2018
Croatia	IEA 2013
Cuba	IGES 2018
Cyprus	IGES 2018
Czech Republic	IEA 2013
Denmark	IEA 2013
Djibouti	IGES 2018
Dominica	IGES 2018
Dominican Republic	IGES 2018
Ecuador	IGES 2018
Egypt	IGES 2018
El Salvador	IGES 2018
Equatorial Guinea	IGES 2018
Eritrea	IGES 2018
Estonia	IEA 2013
Ethiopia	IGES 2018
Fiji	IGES 2018
Finland	IEA 2013
France	IEA 2013
Gabon	IGES 2018
Gambia, The	IGES 2018
Georgia	IGES 2018
Germany	IEA 2013
Ghana	IGES 2018
Greece	IEA 2013
Grenada	IGES 2018
Guatemala	IGES 2018
Guinea	IGES 2018
Guinea-Bissau	IGES 2018
Guyana	IGES 2018
Haiti	IGES 2018
Holy See	IEA 2013
Honduras	IGES 2018
Hungary	IEA 2013
Iceland	IEA 2013
India	IGES 2018
Indonesia	IGES 2018
Iran	IGES 2018
Iraq	IGES 2018
Ireland	IEA 2013
Israel	IGES 2018
Italy	IEA 2013
Jamaica	IGES 2018
Japan	IGES 2018
Jordan	IGES 2018
Kazakhstan	IGES 2018
Kenya	IGES 2018
Kiribati	IEA 2013
Korea, North	IGES 2018
Korea, South	IGES 2018
Kosovo	IEA 2013
Kuwait	IGES 2018
Kyrgyzstan	IGES 2018
Laos	IGES 2018
Latvia	IEA 2013
Lebanon	IGES 2018
Lesotho	IGES 2018
Liberia	IGES 2018
Libya	IGES 2018
Liechtenstein	IEA 2013
Lithuania	IEA 2013
Luxembourg	IEA 2013
Macedonia, FYR	IGES 2018
Madagascar	IGES 2018
Malawi	IGES 2018
Malaysia	IGES 2018
Maldives	IGES 2018
Mali	IGES 2018
Malta	IEA 2013
Marshall Islands	IEA 2013
Mauritania	IGES 2018
Mauritius	IGES 2018
Mexico	IGES 2018
Micronesia, Federated States of	IEA 2013
Moldova	IEA 2013
Monaco	IEA 2013
Mongolia	IGES 2018
Montenegro	IGES 2018
Morocco	IGES 2018
Mozambique	IGES 2018
Namibia	IGES 2018
Nauru	IEA 2013
Nepal	IGES 2018
Netherlands	IEA 2013
New Zealand	IEA 2013
Nicaragua	IGES 2018
Niger	IGES 2018
Nigeria	IGES 2018
Norway	IEA 2013
Oman	IGES 2018
Pakistan	IGES 2018
Palau	IEA 2013
Panama	IGES 2018
Papua New Guinea	IGES 2018
Paraguay	IGES 2018
Peru	IGES 2018
Philippines	IGES 2018
Poland	IEA 2013
Portugal	IEA 2013
Qatar	IGES 2018
Romania	IEA 2013
Russia	IEA 2013
Rwanda	IGES 2018
Saint Kitts and Nevis	IGES 2018
Saint Lucia	IGES 2018
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	IGES 2018
Samoa	IEA 2013
San Marino	IEA 2013
Sao Tome and Principe	IGES 2018
Saudi Arabia	IGES 2018
Senegal	IGES 2018
Serbia	IGES 2018
Seychelles	IGES 2018
Sierra Leone	IGES 2018
Singapore	IGES 2018
Slovakia	IEA 2013
Slovenia	IEA 2013
Solomon Islands	IEA 2013
Somalia	IGES 2018
South Africa	IGES 2018
South Sudan	IGES 2018
Spain	IEA 2013
Sri Lanka	IGES 2018
Sudan	IGES 2018
Suriname	IGES 2018
Swaziland	IGES 2018
Sweden	IEA 2013
Switzerland	IEA 2013
Syria	IGES 2018
Tajikistan	IGES 2018
Tanzania	IGES 2018
Thailand	IGES 2018
Timor-Leste	IGES 2018
Togo	IGES 2018
Tonga	IEA 2013
Trinidad and Tobago	IGES 2018
Tunisia	IGES 2018
Turkey	IEA 2013
Turkmenistan	IGES 2018
Tuvalu	IEA 2013
Uganda	IGES 2018
Ukraine	IEA 2013
United Arab Emirates	IGES 2018
United Kingdom	IEA 2013
United States	IEA 2013
Uruguay	IGES 2018
Uzbekistan	IGES 2018
Vanuatu	IEA 2013
Venezuela	IGES 2018
Vietnam	IGES 2018
Yemen	IGES 2018
Zambia	IGES 2018
Zimbabwe	IGES 2018